Essay on The Use of the Computer - 782 Words

In general, computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Computers can be found in various forms such as personal computers, calculators and mobile phones. They are utilised in places like houses, offices, and schools. The invention of computer symbolises the advancement of technology in mankind. Furthermore, computer has made our life easier. We would not have achieved what we have today if computer was not invented. It is difficult to identify which was the first computer invented. This is because the term computer has been subject to varying interpretations over time. The meaning of computer changes as time passes by, thus making it difficult to interpret the accurate meaning. Originally, computer†¦show more content†¦The students are able to pay more attention to the lessons and exercises given through computer as it is animated. Besides that, we can solve a mathematic question using a computer or calculator. We can get the answer fast and accurately instead of wasting time to redo the question a few times to get an accurate answer. Computer is also a source of entertainment. We can use computer to entertain us besides doing work or study. We can choose to play fun computer games, listen to our favourite songs or even watch exciting movies. These will keep us entertained during our free time. In this way, computer can help us to release stress. We can always use the computer for play when we are stressed up and then continue work. This can be said as killing two birds with one stone! Although computer has a lot of benefits, computer also has drawbacks as nothing is perfect in this world. As computer is a part of our life, we tend to store private information in computer. Some inconsiderate people will try to hack in our computer to get the data files or send in viruses to destroy our data files. Those who got the data files will either broadcast it in the internet or use it to threaten the owner. Fortunately, thi s problem can be curbed using a secured firewall program and a good antivirus program. As computer is used worldwide, children and teenagers are also usingShow MoreRelatedThe Uses Of Computers1170 Words   |  5 Pagesfall into three main categories: Hardware, the equipment that agents use Software, the user interfaces that the agents use Training, probably the most important toolkit an agent can have Hardware Perhaps the best place to start is with the most simple equipment. The price of computers has fallen substantially over the past few years, so big gains can be made from a relatively meager expense. Inadequate, low-quality computers influence users badly in two main ways. The first is the difficulty ofRead MoreComputer Phones : Portability, Uses And Use Of Computers951 Words   |  4 PagesIve been told that the greatest ideas solve problems that we didnt know we had, but Im not sure tablets have solved much for me. I can say netbooks have been very useful when they have good battery life, but I have many uses for laptops that are more portable. To me, portability and function are key. A netbook is an improvement over a laptop because theyre not very expensive, easier to carry around, and are just as functional for most office work. Tablets, on the other hand, occupy a strangeRead MoreUse of Computers in Education1199 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Computers in Education Computers have become an inseparable part of our lives to a great extent. Particularly in the field of education, their uses are manifold. Let us understand them further. Over the years, computers have changed the way the world works. They have proved to be an asset not only for the corporate sector, but also in other sectors such as medicine, architecture, communication, research, sports and education. Speaking of which, computers have taken over the field of educationRead MoreComputers for Personal Use1162 Words   |  5 Pages* A  personal computer  (PC) is a general-purpose  computer, whose size, capabilities, and original sale price makes it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an  end-user  with no intervening computer operator. * Software applications for most personal computers include, but are not limited to,  word processing,  spreadsheets,  databases,  Web browsers  and  e-mail  clients,  digital mediaplayback,  games, and myriad personal productivity and special-purpose software applicationsRead MoreUse of Computers in Pharmacy3899 Words   |  16 PagesPharmacy Students’ Computer Experience and Attitudes James W. Tysinger Office of Medical Education, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, MC 9065, Dallas TX 75235-9006-9065 Edward P. Armstrong College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721 The purpose of this study was to determine first-year doctor of pharmacy students’ computer backgrounds and attitudes. Fifty students completed a survey that assessed their computer experience, typesRead MoreUse and Abuse of Computers5450 Words   |  22 PagesUSE AND ABUSE OF COMPUTERS IN THE WORKPLACE by Bob Gregg Boardman Clark LLP One South Pinckney Street, 4th Floor P. O. Box 927 Madison, WI 53701-0927 Telephone (608) 283-1751 rgregg@boardmanclark.com Our major form of workplace communication is becoming electronic. People do not have faceto-face, oral conversations. Email is taking over. It is fast, efficient—and dangerous. Employees just rip off an email with far less thought or editing than a letter. The e-system has replaced the break roomRead MoreEssay on Use of Computers in Medicine919 Words   |  4 PagesUses of Computers in the Medical Field By: Tashauna Roberts Introduction In today’s society, there is a wide range of computer use. Almost everywhere you go today you are required to have some sort of basic understanding of how a computer is operated. In my report, I am going to tell you how computers are used in the field of medicine. There is a wide variety of use and need for a computer in the medical field. Their uses include storing patient related data, scanning and imaging the body, andRead MoreHealth Effects of Computer Use1645 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Effects of Computer Use Introduction Over the years, there has been a large increase in the use of computers as the world is evolving. In my study, the objective is to emphasize on the health effects of computer use in working environments and domestic homes. The speed and effectiveness of computers has made a good number organization and businesses depend on the equipment. When the computer was first introduced it was mostly used by adults. In the present day, there have been an increasingRead MoreEssay On Uses Of Computer In Marketing942 Words   |  4 Pagesusage of computers by Marketing managers has supported and has provided various opportunities for computerizing new areas of marketing and for linking it with other functions of the organization. Further computerization of manufacturing and other engineering tools leads to proportionally smaller productivity gains. (Mike, 2005). As a report in Wall Street Journal (June 29, 1999) a study of K-Mart that marketing and sales functions will result in 30% total expen diture in installation of computers andRead MoreThe Use Of A Computer Or Itc System1188 Words   |  5 PagesRansomware is a malware that restricts the use of a computer or ITC system, displays a message on a computer screen that states the system has been locked or encrypted and that the only way to re-gain the use of the computer or system is through the payment of a ransom which is often $200-$400 (United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team, 2016). This type of attack can install other malware as users attempt to click out of the message screen or to follow the directions which tell the user to

Analysis of The Love Song Essay - 656 Words

The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock In the poem, The Love song, written by T.S. Elliot, J Alfred Prufrock is a man who is very lonely and insecure. He goes throughout his life wishing for a change, but never stepping up to the plate and actually making a change. The title of the poem portrays to the reader that the poem is going to be full of love and romance. The reader soon found out later that the poem is just the opposite from the title, a sad, lonesome man who is not only lacking love, but also lacking self confidence and self esteem. The Story of Prufrock starts out with him deciphering with himself if he should make this â€Å"change† in his life; he has always been a loner who only observes the world, instead of joining it, but†¦show more content†¦This lowers Prufrocks self esteem even more, just because of the meir thoughts of a women. Another literary device is used when eating a peach is symbolized as being the â€Å"change† or the â€Å"goodâ €  that prufrock never took hold of. He says â€Å"Do I dare to eat a peach?,† because if he eats the peach it could get messy, just like if he tried to change, it could be difficult. The attitude of the Prufrock is very depressing and sad. His attitude is almost as if he feels so sorry for himself that he expects other people to make a change for him, instead of getting out into the world and making a life for himself. The Author makes Shift changes in the poem when he asks the question â€Å"Do I dare?† This changes the attitude for a while because his thinking goes from â€Å"no I’ll never be able to change† to â€Å" well should I at least try to?† This attitude change soon ends when he decides that no one will ever notice him, so what is the point? While looking back at the title, the reader realizes that the poem was definitely not over love or relationship, but the lack of love and relationship. This man Prufrock was a lonesome and depressed man with nothing to live for, and what the author is trying to get across to the reader is to not live his or her life like this man. Live life by making choices and changes every day to become the person his or her were made to be; don’t live in whole and just watch from the outside, get out andShow MoreRelatedLove Song Analysis2033 Words   |  9 PagesLove is â€Å"an intense feeling of attraction†. This is how Webster’s Dictionary defines love. It is much more complicated than that though, or maybe we just make it out to be more complicated, either way it’s hard to explain. A few words that characterize love for me are sacrifice, safe, comfortable, commitment, selfless, trust, and bond. Love is more than just a word, it’s an action. It is accepting and appreciating someone for who they are regardless of their flaws and trusting that you’ll stick byRead MoreAnalysis of the Song Runaway Love Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesâ⠂¬Å"Runaway Love† Ludacris does a remarkable job of portraying his message about the struggles that some adolescents are faced with. â€Å"Runaway Love†, by Ludacris, featuring Mary J. Blige (2007), represents the theme of struggle through hip-hop and rap music. It is about little girls who are â€Å"stuck up in the world on their own.† They have to take care of themselves because the people they are around do not care about them. They range from nine to eleven years in age, and their goal in life, at such aRead MoreThe Love Song Of Alfred Prufrock Analysis1803 Words   |  8 PagesTo many, the allure of poetry lies in the chance to draw our own understandings and conclusions. In this paper, I will be discussing T.S Eliot s The love Song of Alfred Prufrock† in comparison to Allen Ginsberg s A Supermarket in California. The first poem, The Love song of Alfred Prufrock by T.S Elliot, talks about a man who is quite doubtful and insecure about himself who kept questioning whether or n ot breaking out of his comfort zone was worth it. The second poem, A Super market in CaliforniaRead MoreAnalysis Of Love Song By Alfred Prufrock747 Words   |  3 Pageswill warm me.† (7 Years, Lukas Graham). Being old questions arise about the achievements made, what to do next, what is the meaning of life, is loneliness enviable? T.S. Eliot a poet from the early 1900’s suggests answers to these through his poem Love song. The text is told through an elderly man named Alfred Prufrock, he is questioning his own life about what he has done and fail to do with the time he has been alive. Feeling sorry for himself Prufrock suggest answers and reasonings to what it reallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1386 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Love Song of T.S Eliot† In â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† the reader can clearly understand that T.S Eliot is straightforward as one can get within a poem. In the beginning of the poem, one can infer that Prufrock is being used as a facade to convey Eliot’s inner self who is an introvert that doesn’t quite fit in with the modern day society. â€Å"Prufrock† sees his personal life as a burden that he cannot mend while he tries to conform into the middle class society that everyone views asRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : `` Love Song `` By Steven Tyler Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesRhetorical Analysis Etched deep in the spirit of every person are the memories of life altering-mistakes. For most people, these mistakes devastate their life permanently, but for a select group, the impact is breathtaking. The idea that one huge mistake could lead to mind-boggling success is the type of story one only reads about. World-renowned rock band Aerosmith’s success story is undeniably one of the greatest of all time, but it didn’t come without massive failure. Steven Tyler, the lead singerRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesA Literary Analysis of T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† T.S. Eliot was one among few poets and authors that dominated the years between the First and Second World Wars. Eliot showed his use of modernism techniques through â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, creating a powerful reputation around the world, particularly as a member of The Lost Generation in the 1920s. Eliot moved to and settled in London where he worked with famous poets including Ezra Pound, and published hisRead MoreCritical Analysis : The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock895 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Two- Critical Analysis Writing a critical analysis is diving into the text. Readers must break down all parts of the text and pin pointing the author s purpose for the writing. A very challenging poem to analysis is T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†. It has been declared that â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† started that Anglo-American modernist movement with poetry. The poem was the first poem with American poetry to flow free verse. At the time, it was deemedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1497 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The human psyche has perpetually been characterized by a nagging sense of doubt. When one makes the decision to follow through (or, rather, not follow through) with an action, it is unlikely that he does so without questioning whether he made the right choice; this is recurring theme in literature, evident in works such as Crime and Punishment and A Separate Peace. T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock explores the universal natureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1529 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of the setting of the poems â€Å"The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Something Whispered in the Shakuhachi† â€Å"The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Something Whispered in the Shakuhachi† are poems written by T.S. Eliot and Garrett Hongo correspondently. Both poems put a great emphasis on the depiction of the narrator’s emotion. The poems are focused on feelings and emotions of their narrators. At the same time, it should noted that a lot of attractive in both poems is given to the setting

Government Regulation And Business Relations - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Government Regulation And Business Relations. Answer: Era of Liberal economics is over: Keating seeks nation-building This article has been published on May 6th, 2017 and author were Troy Bramston. There has been a new model generated by Paul Keating for the renovation of the liberal economics. This is done so that the government is led in the new age of investment in the nation-building infrastructure. The liberal economics has caused a dead end. Thus it is a time that there is a return to the investment by the government. There has to be the maintenance of the demand equation between the government and the private. The government that is clever is capable of selling the assets to the private market. Infrastructure in demand equation for both government and private are missing nowadays. This new regulation will help to enhance the growth of the economy, jobs and the living standard of the people. This policy has to be applied now so that the reformation takes place and will help to create vast amount of wealth for the economy of Australia. There is a requirement of a consolidated budget by the gove rnment for the application of this new policy. The governments have to have a role in the initiation of the investment of the private capital and setting up of the infrastructure and then selling it to the superannuation finances. The primary problem is that the people are not willing to learn these new policies. The main challenge is to deal with the shortage of investments in the instruments that will shape the cities. The moderation is required on the recurrent expenditure. Bramston, T. (2017).Liberal economics had its day. Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/policy/era-of-liberal-economics-is-over-keating-seeks-nationbuilding/news-story/780806f9eb7d7b9445e729b2fc68fdbe [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Japanese Parliament to consider law backing commercial whaling This article has been published on 16th June 2017 and reported by Rachel Mealey. Japanese Parliament is considering about resuming commercial whaling. The Parliament desires to start again the commercial whaling as the Japanese people take whaling as cultural rights and they do it annual basis as hunting. Japanese people hunt the whale in Pacific and Southern Ocean. Japanese people take the whaling business as their scientific hunting and International Whaling Commission cannot do anything as IWC supports the scientific whaling. In this regard, Japanese people find the loophole of the international law and start whale hunting again. IWC always prohibits the commercial whaling. The new bill of Japanese parliament wants to give funding about research whaling to the people from the national budget of Japan. The bill also provides resources to Japanese whalers. Japanese government and parliament think that whale hunting is the sense of pride to the people of Japan. The parliament also th inks that Japan people do not restrain of whale hunting as it is the sense of nationalism to them. However, some of the anti-whaling protesters are there to protest like Sea Shepherd. A few months ago, Sea Shepherd published news and photographs of a dead whale on a dock of the ship. However, the government is captioning the bill as Implementation of Scientific Research as commercial whaling. Scientific whaling focuses mainly on counting the whale and finding out the issues in whale across oceans. On the other side, scientific whaling counts the population of whaling that would provide benefits of commercial whaling as well. The bill is propaganda of Japan's international fame and not to support the Japanese taxpayer. ABC News. (2017).Japan to consider law backing commercial whaling. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-16/japan-to-consider-law-backing-commercial-whaling/8623214 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Chinas export continue to slow, but the domestic economy is holding up This article was published on 8th September 2017 and reporter was Stephen Letts. It has been observed that China is witnessing the poor export performance as demand is weakening day-by-day. The first sign of the slowing export possibly is that US dollar is getting stronger. However, China has good news that imports from China are observing prosperous sign as domestic economy is getting robust. This means that market forecasts foresee that US dollar and China's currency both will lower in coming days in China. However, Chinese economists are not seeing any alarming situation in export rate is slow now as the import is growing excessively high. In terms of US dollar, the import is growing well and Yuan measures it performed as high. In case of other big economies' like Europe, the US, Chinese export rate growth is slow, on the contrary, in Asian countries; the growth of export is accelerating in recent time. From an Australian perspective, the iron ore import is strengthening up. Chine se economists measured both import and export prices and they found it's weakening the volume of trade. US dollar is stronger currency and Yuan price is not raised according to market value. However, market analysts found that Chinese Yuan is taken appreciation against US dollar that could be potential profit for China. However, stronger Yuan may not be profitable for export market growth in near future as China's export competitiveness can be shifted to high-tech items. ABC News. (2017).China's exports continue to slow, but the domestic economy is holding up. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-08/china-trade-continues-to-slow/8884778 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Political donations: New data maps industries web of influence This article was published on 9th February and it focused on the mainly increase of political donations by business organisations. Companies, business and individuals are donating in political parties for influencing the Australian politics. In order to buy the influence on political parties, most of the organisations in Australian donating money, however, real estate companies and construction based organisations are at the top of this chart. However, there is the opposite side also as New South Wales banned the donors to political parties from property development business. In case of taking help from political governance, the organisations are trying to create pressure on political parties as mining and finance firms are the major players in taking the advantage of political propaganda with unions. In the year last year (2015-16), the top place was taken by individual donors and almost $6.6 million was donated to the political parties. The business sectors included are constructio n, unions, finance, resources, unions, health and manufacturing companies. However, many entrepreneurs and industrialists personally donated in many political parties. In this light, Paul Marks, mining entrepreneur donated 1.3 million AUD to Liberal Party and he is the largest individual donor. The major banks (Westpac, Commonwealth Bank, ANZ and National Australia Bank) are not far behind and they donated to both Labour and Liberals parties. In case of Labour parties donor, the top five places are from construction, finance, unions and pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals giant Pharmacy Guild of Australia donated $140,000 to Labour party. ABC News. (2017).New political donations data maps industries' web of influence. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/political-donations-industry-dataset/8229192 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. John Adams: An Economic Crisis is on its way This article was published on July 4, 2017, and this article dealt with the economic crisis in Australia. John Adams identified some signs that could help Australia to be safe from the economic crisis. Australia's bubble economy is driven by low-interest rates and consumption inducing tax with welfare policies. However, World Bank warned Australia about increasing of interest rate can be vulnerable for the people. Australian's household debt is as proportionate to the disposable income of the people and the rate is high now (190.4%). After the economic growth of the 1920s in Australia, Australia saw major economic depression for two times. In November 2016, Australia saw foreign debt at the highest level with access to $1 trillion as household consumption and low national savings were the main reasons behind this. US Federal Bank is to raise the interest rate, the result of this, Australia has to increase the interest rate on Australian borrowers for the credit rises and internationa l cost. Australia is integrated with the global financial operation. In this situation, Australian economy can go in two directions, it has to raise the interest rate and other is Australia government may lead not to allow other companies to intervene in the market. In conclusion, Australian economy needs to find equilibrium for macroeconomic factors, prices, profits, wages and employment. John Adams expected that this economic depression may last for three years and create an impact on social dislocation, the devastation of domestic economy and restructuring of the economy. Many institutions may bankrupt and Australia may need global intervention to secure the economy again. Dailytelegraph.com.au. (2017).An economic crisis is on its way. Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/john-adams-an-economic-crisis-is-on-its-way/news-story/2929bc371f156dd5e1c3528835809fa1 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. References ABC News. (2017).Japan to consider law backing commercial whaling. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-16/japan-to-consider-law-backing-commercial-whaling/8623214 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. ABC News. (2017). China's exports continue to slow, but the domestic economy is holding up. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-08/china-trade-continues-to-slow/8884778 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. ABC News. (2017).New political donations data maps industries' web of influence. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/political-donations-industry-dataset/8229192 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Bramston, T. and Bramston, T. (2017).Liberal economics had its day. Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/policy/era-of-liberal-economics-is-over-keating-seeks-nationbuilding/news-story/780806f9eb7d7b9445e729b2fc68fdbe [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Dailytelegraph.com.au. (2017).An economic crisis is on its way. Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/john-adams-an-economic-crisis-is-on-its-way/news-story/2929bc371f156dd5e1c3528835809fa1 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Sources: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-16/japan-to-consider-law-backing-commercial-whaling/8623214 https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/policy/era-of-liberal-economics-is-over-keating-seeks-nationbuilding/news-story/780806f9eb7d7b9445e729b2fc68fdbe https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-08/china-trade-continues-to-slow/8884778 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/political-donations-industry-dataset/8229192 https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/john-adams-an-economic-crisis-is-on-its-way/news-story/2929bc371f156dd5e1c3528835809fa1

Wingstop Restaurant Essay Example

Wingstop Restaurant Essay In 1994, Wingstop Restaurant has spearheaded the proliferation of tasty and ultimate Buffalo-style chicken wings. Since then, Wingstop have been a synonymous to chicken wings. Wingstop boasts of proprietary recipes to the delight of its customers. Furthermore, outstanding customer service and superb food have generated clamor and apparent demands, which only the Wingstop franchise can provide and satisfy. Wingstop CEO Jim Flynn, decalred that 80% of the company’s sales generate from the sales of their specialty chicken wings (Wingstop, 2008). Wingstop boasts of its nine proprietary wing flavors. The flavors are: Atomic, Original Hot, Cajun, Hawaiian Barbeque, Garlic Parmesan, Hickory Smoked BBQ, Mild, Teriyaki, and Lemon Pepper (Wingstop, 2008). Wingstop ensures that the chicken wings are made fresh-to-order, and served steaming-hot. However, Wingstop promotes its specialty the buffalo-style chicken wings as its main entrà ©e. Wingstop focal point of the restaurant is its servings of buffalo-style chicken wings with a variety of flavors; lives up to its monicker â€Å"The Wing Experts†. (Wingstop, 2008). The plethora of flavors of its chicken wings also augments the broad market appeals of the Wingstop franchise. The restaurant also serves a wide-array of delicious sides. Customers are always looking forward to have their fresh-cut fries with sodas and beers. Even though the chicken wings are the meal itself, Wingstop also offers a bevy of sumptuous and delicious side dishes from such as Idaho potato french fries, classic potato salad, chilled carrot sticks, hot rolls, and bourbon double-baked beans. Thirst quenchers include a wide array of wine and beers (Wingstop, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Wingstop Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wingstop Restaurant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wingstop Restaurant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Current Marketing Situation In order to entice more customers, Wingstop incorporated a nostalgic and aviation-themed atmosphere in their restaurants. Eventually, Wingstop began franchising in 1997 in order to add more stores in the United States. The first franchised restaurant opened in 1998. Franchising is a significant part of the Wingstop’s growth. The appropriate location of a Wingstop restaurant is essential to a franchise owner’s success. Wingstop has proven that an appropriate location is one of the keys to success of the company. Wingstop’s professional real estate team ensures that aspects such as traffic patterns and flow, demographics of the area, types of development, and a number of other factors are considered and assessed in order to generate opportunities from a target location (Wingstop, 2008). Wingstop has ascertained that they have a different market segment compared to KFC and Popeye’s, which sells individual meals and for families. On the other hand, Buffalo-style chicken wings tend to draw people with similar interests such as the Super Bowl and other sports events.   A myriad of factors makes Wingstop an appealing prospect for franchisees. The menu itself is an enticing factor for people to inquire for a franchise. CEO Flyyn says that simplicity works bests for Wingstop. This suggests that the Wingstop marketing strategy is not difficult to manage for those who intend to avail a franchise, yet lack prior food service experience. Furthermore, restaurants with small menus tend to have lower labor costs compared to other restaurants.Today, Wingstop has grown from a small restaurant to one of the country’s vastly- proliferated specialty restaurants. Being the pioneer of the chicken wing restaurants, the company anticipates its development and progress for it to bolster revenues (Wingstop, 2008). SWOT Analysis and Comparative Advantage Strengths  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wingstop is the pioneer of Buffalo-styled chicken wing specialty restaurant.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is considered the Coke of chicken wing restaurants.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wingstop boasts a wide array of chicken wing recipes, which will cater to an eclectic group of customers.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wingstop is not only considered a family-oriented restaurant; it is actually host to groups who share the same interest like sports event ( Super Bowl). Weaknesses  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since it’s strictly a chicken wing specialty restaurant, Wingstop is limiting its menu to chicken wings and a number of side dishes that some restaurants already have.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wingstop is only synonymous to chicken wings, which suggests that customers can be confused that it only serves chicken wings.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Franchising could be considered a weakness as well, due to the fact that Wingstop cannot deliberately supervise a franchise outlet. Opportunities Wingstop has engaged in franchising and royalty transaction, which is aimed at promoting the restaurant. Locations have proven that Wingstop can generate a myriad of opportunities like celebrity athlete endorsements that complements Wingstops advertising and promotion; NFL hall of famer Troy Aikman has been a solid endorser for Wingstop patrons who happen to be Super Bowl fanatics as well. Wingstop incorporates an apt sense of franchising and catering services, which generates subsequent opportunities. Threats One of Wingstops threats is the emergence of take-out and delivery chicken wing specialty restaurants; these restaurants are apparently taking advantage of Wingstops success. Wingstop is threatened by the emergence of chicken wing meals at Popeye and KFC. Wingstops franchising can also experience a letdown in its franchising deal whenever a franchising outlet does not manage the outlet in an appropriate manner. Marketing Strategy and Objectives As a franchise owner for Wingstop, you should keep in mind that Wingstops marketing concept is brief and precise. Wingstop incorporates the concept of chickent wing flavor options that will entice diverse market segmentation. This generates revenues for Wingstop, which it owes a lot to its efficient and charisma. Wingstops marketing strategy has generated 90% of food sales from chicken wings and side dish of french fries. Though it may sound easy to moderate the supply and the orders; high volume of orders and variations of kitchen space have been crucial factors that Wingstop considers in its operations. Its always a challenge whenever a customer orders 100 chicken wings. Its a standard imperative that product and the service should be done in a perfect manner. This suggests that Wingstops marketing strategy with its narrow product offering. The focus of   Wingstops marketing strategy is undoubtedly to proliferate its wide array of chicken wing variety to its diverse customer base . Furthermore, it is looking forward to existing multi-unit franchisees to complement its entrance to potential new markets. The initial invesment for a wingstop franchise is from $181,500 to $250,00, which includes a one-time franchise fee of $20,000. 5% of gross sales will constitute the current royalty (Zimmerman, 2008). Food and paper prices constitute 34% of operating costs. The price of chicken wings have catapulted to new heights, which will mean a consequent increase in prices. The increase in chicken wing price is beyond the companys control due to the fact that chicken wings are a market-driven commodity. Wingstops marketing strategy is evident during Super Bowl season, where prices and revenues peaks up thend declines gradually (Zimmerman, 2008). We chose to use the customary pricing strategy based on competition for our burrito business.   With this pricing strategy, we will price our items within the range of our competitors. By pricing our items at or around the dollar amount of our competitors, we will not lose price-sensitive customers. This strategy will be the most effective for our target market- the Orlando community.   Because Orlando residents spend on average $11-20 a week eating out, our prices must fit into this range.   In order to do this, we will price our burritos at $6.00 for a burrito and $1.50 for a beverage.   Our goal is to create a comfortable environment in which students wish to relax and â€Å"chill out†.   Therefore, our prices must reflect this relaxed attitude and provide students with what they need at the prices they can afford. By using a set price, we add ease of payment and decision to the benefits of our customers. The use of the customary pricing strategy does not allow ou r competitors the advantage of price because we will be within their price range.   Instead of attracting customers with a lower price, we will compete with other restaurants through the quality of our product.   Our target market, the Orlando community, listed price as the main factor when deciding where to eat; however, quality was a close second.   By offering higher quality than our competitors in the same price bracket, we plan to have the competitive edge. We also plan to offer a large menu variety. Yet, we will keep a standard of $6.00 for all items with an additional charge for extra ingredients or specialized items.   While there are numerous quick service restaurants that offer a large variety, these restaurants price at varying amounts, as well. This factor will distinguish our business from our competitors who do not offer set pricing. As previously stated we will charge $6.00 for all standard burritos.   Standard burritos include pre-thought options and a build-your-own option.   If customers wish to add extras, there will be a 50-cent charge.   Drinks will also come at a standard size at $1.50 each. Break-Even Point The survey results to calculate the number of chicken wings sold.   Our survey results suggest that 54% of the students surveyed ate out 1-3 times a week; so a conservative estimate for total population would be about 3-4 times a month, or once a week. Therefore we calculated that 5,000 (people) x 4 (times a month) = 20,000.   Considering competition, we decided that our market base would be approximately half of that (20,000 / 2 = 10,000). Based on food and other costs we decided the appropriate price per burrito to be $6.00.   Therefore we calculated the chicken wing revenue (10,000 x $6) to equal $60,000 per month in seasonal high times. We figured an appropriate approximation of this population would be 50% of our normal population.   We then figured the chicken wing revenue in down times to equal $30,000/month (5,000 x $6).   Projected total chicken wing revenue over a 12-month period we calculated to equal $600,000. To calculate beverage revenue, we further assumed that 75% of our population will order a beverage (different from water) along with a chicken wing (10,000 x .75 = 7,500) and, again, approximating 50% of total in down times (7,500 / 2 = 3,750).   We figured an appropriate price per beverage was $1.50, based on costs and our competition’s pricing.   Therefore I projected total beverage revenue, over a 12-month period, to equal $112,500. With a monthly total of 10,000 customers, we expect to see anywhere from 83-220 customers on any given day.   I further predict to have two main peak times during the day; lunch and dinner in which we forecast 40-110 people within those three hour periods.   I believe that our capacity to provide our product will meet the needs of our consumers based on our target prep time.   With multiple orders being prepped simultaneously, we estimate being able to serve up to a max of 40 people an hour, and based on our survey, about 50% of those people will be eating inside the restaurant.   Based on the size of our restaurant, and this statistic, we will be able to meet our capacity of take-ins versus to-go; about 80 people inside the restaurant per hour. Action Plan for Wingstop Orlando Our product will be positioned ahead of competition in the mind of our customers in Orlando through concepts of food variety and a socially inviting ambiance. The slogan will be, â€Å"Chicken Wings for All.† The slogan is important because this is what people will remember and what will be imprinted their mind when choosing a restaurant. The sales promotion will communicate to our target market our unconventional chicken wing restaurant. The advertising message will utilize our slogan as well distinctive features and benefits of our restaurant. The message will say what we are- a chicken wing restaurant, what separates us from our competitors- our variety and atmosphere, our location, and our hours of operation. The hours of operation will be made bold on flyers and to go menus because our weekend is a feature and benefit of Wingstop. Our overall message in each type of sales promotion conducted will convey what our restaurant is all about and let potential customers know wha t to expect by providing a who, what, why, when, and where. For our direct marketing, I will have designed flyers for our restaurant to post around the community. The flyers that are going to be posted in Orlando will be round with our logo in the center, and it will cost $200 to produce 200 of them. The flyers will all have the same information: our name, Wingstop, with the sub-heading of â€Å"The Chicken Experts†, our location and hours, logo, and features and benefits. By posting flyers the potential target market will become familiar with our restaurant name and logo and be provided with all the information they need to gain awareness, interest and evaluation to prepare for trial and hopefully adoption. The sales promotions we will use consist of sampling, coupons, and continuity programs. I will use these methods because we believe they will not only build clientele, but also keep customers coming back for more. I will know how effective coupons are because customers wh o want to use them will be bringing them in. I can total how many are returned versus how many are given out and find out if they are worth the time and money. Sales promotions will be run at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year. Extra specials and coupons will be utilized during the summer when business is slow. Budgets and Variables Wingstop Orlando is projected to be in a strong financial position.   Start-up costs are projected at $272,344 for the first year. Sales revenue for the first year is projected at $712,500.   This shows that there is the ability to cover start-up costs with marginal profit to cover all other operational related expenses.   The break-even point will occur within the first year.   Based on the industry averages for major corporations in this industry with net profit margins of 3%-15% our business has a strong position with an estimated 30% net profit margin.   This estimate is significantly higher compared to major corporations because as a small business we have much lower costs to manage. As for first year cost, the total will be $272,344; these costs mainly include depreciation of equipment, utilities with deposits, promotional cost, and inventory for the first year. These costs are known cost for establishing the business, but do not include many operational costs.   Break-even, as stated before, will occur within the first year. Fixed costs are $150,456, and contribution to profit per unit is 5.1%, this will result in breakeven at the 29,502nd unit.   Based on this, break-even will occur on the third month.   Projected revenue for the first year will be $712,500 with a net income of $217,182.   This results in a net profit margin of 30%.   The revenue is derived from the sales projection of 10,000 units for the months of January through May, and September through November based on survey results.   The remaining months are projected with 5,000 unit sales. We estimate that 75% of the sales will be accompanied with a beverage in addition to a burrito, so total revenue is estimated including this projection which is based on survey results. Conclusion Wingstops Buffalo-style chicken wings will be irresistible to all. Whether our customers are craving an Atomic Chicken Wing, an basket of Idaho french fries, or a Chinese chicken salad, we plan to offer the Orlando community a wide range of satisfying menu selections by â€Å"Chicken Wings for All†.   Customers will come to our restaurant to gratify any craving he or she may have and will stay to enjoy our unique and comfortable ambiance. Our endless variety of chicken wings at affordable prices combined with our quick service all located at the convenience within the Orlando area will lead to a successful endeavor in the franchise chicken wing business.

Epicurus His Philosophy of Pleasure

Epicurus His Philosophy of Pleasure Wisdom hasnt come a step further since Epicurus but has often gone many thousands of steps backwards.​Friedrich Nietzsche About Epicurus Epicurus (341-270 B.C.) was born in Samos and died in Athens. He studied at Platos Academy when it was run by Xenocrates. Later, when he joined his family on Colophon, Epicurus studied under Nausiphanes, who introduced him to the philosophy of Democritus. In 306/7 Epicurus bought a house in Athens. It was in its garden that he taught his philosophy. Epicurus and his followers, who included slaves and women, secluded themselves from the life of the city. The Virtue of Pleasure Epicurus and his philosophy of pleasure have been controversial for over 2000 years. One reason is our tendency to reject pleasure as a moral good. We usually think of charity, compassion, humility, wisdom, honor, justice, and other virtues as morally good, while pleasure is, at best, morally neutral, but for Epicurus, behavior in pursuit of pleasure assured an upright life. It is impossible to live a pleasant life without living wisely and honorably and justly, and it is impossible to live wisely and honorably and justly without living pleasantly. Whenever any one of these is lacking, when, for instance, the man is not able to live wisely, though he lives honorably and justly, it is impossible for him to live a pleasant life.Epicurus, from Principal Doctrines Hedonism and Ataraxia Hedonism (a life devoted to pleasure) is what many of us think of when we hear Epicurus name, but ataraxia, the experience of optimal, enduring pleasure, is what we should associate with the atomist philosopher. Epicurus says we should not try to increase our pleasure beyond the point of maximum intensity. Think of it in terms of eating. If youre hungry, theres pain. If you eat to fill the hunger, you feel good and are behaving in accordance with Epicureanism. In contrast, if you gorge yourself, you experience pain, again. The magnitude of pleasure reaches its limit in the removal of all pain. When such pleasure is present, so long as it is uninterrupted, there is no pain either of body or of mind or of both together. Satiation According to Dr. J. Chander*, in his course notes on Stoicism and Epicureanism, for Epicurus, extravagance leads to pain, not pleasure. Therefore we should avoid extravagance. Sensual pleasures move us towards ataraxia, which is pleasing in itself. We should not pursue endless stimulation, but rather seek out enduring satiation. All desires that do not lead to pain when they remain unsatisfied are unnecessary, but the desire is easily got rid of, when the thing desired is difficult to obtain or the desires seem likely to produce harm. The Spread of Epicureanism According to The Intellectual Development and Spread of Epicureanism, Epicurus guaranteed the survival of his school (The Garden) in his will. Challenges from competing for Hellenistic philosophies, notably, Stoicism and Skepticism, spurred Epicureans to develop some of their doctrines in much greater detail, notably their epistemology and some of their ethical theories, especially their theories concerning friendship and virtue. Stranger, here you will do well to tarry; here our highest good is pleasure. The caretaker of that abode, a kindly host, will be ready for you; he will welcome you with bread, and serve you water also in abundance, with these words: Have you not been well entertained? This garden does not whet your appetite; but quenches it. Anti-Epicurean Cato In 155 B.C., Athens exported some of its leading philosophers to Rome, where Epicureanism, in particular, offended conservatives like Marcus Porcius Cato. Eventually, however, Epicureanism took root in Rome and can be found in the poets, Vergil (Virgil), Horace, and Lucretius. Pro-Epicurean Thomas Jefferson More recently, Thomas Jefferson was an Epicurean. In his 1819 Letter to William Short, Jefferson points up the shortcomings of other philosophies and the virtues of Epicureanism. The letter also contains a short Syllabus of the doctrines of Epicurus. Ancient Writers on the Topic of Epicureanism EpicurusDiogenes LaertiusLucretiusCiceroHoraceLucianCornelius NeposPlutarchSenecaLactantiusOrigen Sources David John Furley Epicurus Whos Who in the Classical World. Ed. Simon Hornblower and Tony Spawforth. Oxford University Press, 2000. Hedonism and the Happy Life: The Epicurean Theory of Pleasure, www.epicureans.org/intro.html Stoicism and Epicureanism, moon.pepperdine.edu/gsep/ class/ethics/stoicism/default.html

Animal Farm Quotes Explained

Animal Farm Quotes Explained The following Animal Farm quotes are some of the most recognizable examples of political satire in English literature. The novel, which tells the story of farm animals who organize a revolution, is an allegory for the Russian Revolution and the regime of Joseph Stalin. Discover how Orwell creates this political allegory and conveys themes of corruption, totalitarianism, and propaganda with the following analysis of key quotes. Four legs good, two legs bad. (Chapter 3) After Snowball establishes the Seven Commandments of Animalism, he composes this statement (Four legs good, two legs bad) in order to simplify Animalisms concepts for the other animals. Simple, xenophobic statements such as this one are a trademark of dictators and fascist regimes throughout history. Initially, the expression gives the animals a common enemy and inspires unity among them. Over the course of the novel, the slogan is distorted and reinterpreted to suit the needs of the powerful leaders. Four legs good, two legs bad is general enough that Napoleon and the other pigs can apply it to any individual or situation. Eventually, the expression is changed to four legs good, two legs better, demonstrating that the farm animals revolution has led to the same oppressive social system they initially sought to overthrow. I will work harder! (Chapter 3) This statement- Boxer the workhorse’s personal mantra- demonstrates the sublimation of the self under the concept of the greater good. Boxer’s existence becomes wrapped up in his efforts to support the Farm. Any setback or failure is blamed on his own personal lack of effort. This quotation demonstrates how concept of communal effort, upon which Animalism was founded, gets perverted into a self-destructive commitment to endless toil. Under Napoleons totalitarian reign, failure has nothing to do with the leadership; instead, its always blamed on the common working animal’s lack of faith or energy. â€Å"At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws.† (Chapter 5) Napoleon enforces his rule through propaganda, misinformation, and a cult of personality, but he initially seizes power through violence, as depicted in this quotation. This scene takes place just as Snowballs eloquent, passionate ideas are winning the debate over the Windmill. In order to wrest power away from Snowball, Napoleon unleashes his specially-trained dogs to drive Snowball away from the Farm. This violent episode mirrors the way power was seized from Leon Trotsky by Joseph Stalin. Trotsky was an effective speaker, and Stalin drove him into exile and relentlessly attempted to assassinate him decades before finally succeeding in 1940. In addition, Napoleons dogs demonstrate the way violence can be used as a means of oppression. Whereas Snowball works hard to educate the animals and improve the Farm, Napoleon trains his dogs in secret and then uses them to keep the animals in line. He focuses not on developing an informed and empowered populace, but rather on using violence to enforce his will. No animal shall drink alcohol to excess. (Chapter 8) After Napoleon drinks whiskey for the first time, he suffers a hangover so terrible that he believes he is dying. As a result, he forbids the animals from drinking any alcohol at all, because he believed it to be poison. Later, he recovers and learns how to enjoy alcohol without making himself sick. The rule is quietly changed to this statement (No animal shall drink alcohol to excess), but the fact that the alteration has ever happened is denied. The transformation of this rule demonstrates how language is used to manipulate and control the animals according to even the most trivial whims of the leader, Napoleon.ï » ¿ In the Soviet Union, Stalin’s style of dictatorship was notable for the extreme cult of personality he created, linking himself personally to the success and health of the nation. With this quotation, Orwell shows how such an extreme cult of personality is developed. Napoleon takes credit for every good event that takes place on the Farm, and he makes loyalty to himself personally equivalent to support of the Farm. He encourages the animals to compete to be the most loyal, the most dedicated, and the most supportive of the Farm and Animalism- and, thus, of Napoleon. â€Å"Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker’s!† (Chapter 9) When Boxer becomes too sick to work, he is unceremoniously sold to a knacker to be killed and processed into glue and other materials. In return for Boxers life, Napoleon gets a few barrels of whiskey. The brutal and unceremonious treatment loyal, hard-working Boxer shocks the other animals, even coming close to spurring rebellion. This quotation, spoken by Benjamin the donkey, reflects the horror that the animals feel upon learning of Boxers fate. It also clearly demonstrates the ruthlessness and violence at the heart of Napoleons totalitarian regime, as well as the efforts made by the regime to keep that violence secret. All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others. (Chapter 10) This quotation, which is seen painted on the side of the barn, represents the ultimate betrayal of the animals by their leaders. At the start of the animals revolution, the seventh commandment of Animalism was, All animals are equal. Indeed, equality and unity among animals was the revolutions core principle. However, as Napoleon consolidates power, his regime become increasingly corrupt. He and his fellow pig leaders seek to separate themselves out from the other animals. They walk on their hind legs, live in the farm house, and even negotiate with humans (once common enemy of Animalism) for personal gain. These behaviors directly oppose the principles of the original revolutionary movement. When this statement, which itself directly opposes Animalism, appears on the barn, the animals are told they are wrong to remember it any other way- reinforcing Napoleons willingness to brazenly alter historical record in order to manipulate and control the animals.

Financial Planning and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Planning and Control - Essay Example are how the financial planning is applied to an engineering business, the effect of financial information on decision making, and how other the use of other financial techniques such as standard cost and variance analysis are used to optimize the effectiveness of an engineering business. Three questions are answered derived from a textbook written by a scholar that provides information about the topics covered in this paper. Companies dedicated to offering engineering service solution have a business structure in which each individual talent represents a unique vendor that purchases unique solution that are typically independent of each other. Each contract is a peculiar project that must be design to obtain a gross profit that satisfies the income expectations of the stakeholders of the company. In order to better serve the needs of future customer the company has to plan the financial decisions that will allow the firm to expand its productivity capacity. For example the purchases of a new mega server worth $150,000 can provide engineering the opportunity to take more IT project to increase the company’s income. If a manager plans to make such a purchase other factors that have financial implication in the costs of the company must be planned for such as its facility layout and human labor require achieving expansion. When an engineering firm takes on a new job the project manager of the contract must perform financial planning for the project to determine the budget that is needed to be able to complete the project on a timely manner. A full risk management analysis is necessary to reduce the risk of unwanted events from occurring, while at the same time developing mitigation plans to have an action option that can implemented if an unforeseen event occurs. An engineering firm working on a construction project can mitigate risks from natural disasters by making the financial decision of purchasing insurance that covers 100% of the damage causes by such an

CORPORATE RESEARCH PAPER Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CORPORATE - Research Paper Example As of the financial year 2011, Chevron generated a sales value worth $244 billion and the net income attributable to the company during the same period was $27 billion. The profitability of the company can be gauged from the fact that the net income per share of the company during 2011 was $13.44, while the company also paid cash dividends worth $3.09 per share. The return on capital and the return on equity of Chevron during as of 2011 were 21.6% and 23.8% respectively (Chevron, 2012). Though the company is instituted in California, in the United States, Chevron has business activities throughout the world in over 120 countries. The following figure represents the geographic reach of Chevron across the world, by means of onshore operations, offshore operations, pipelines or refineries. Figure 1: Global Reach of Chevron Corporation (Juhasz, 2009) In 2011, the average net production of Chevron was 2.673 million oil barrels for every day, of which around 75% of the volume was produced from countries other than the United States (Chevron, 2012). This can be lucidly illustrated from the following figure: Figure 2: Geographic Segmentation of Chevron’s Production (Chevron, 2011) Chevron is present in various countries, such as the USA, the UK, Canada, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Nigeria, Singapore and Australia to name a few. Chevron Corporation has a number of subsidiaries and associates for managing and operating its worldwide operations. Some of them are Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (CUSA), Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC, Chevron Transport Corporation Ltd. (CTC), and Tengizchevroil LLP (TCO) among others. Even though every subsidiary of Chevron is accountable for its individual affairs, Chevron Corporation handles its investments in its subsidiaries in addition to their affiliates. The operations and business activities of Chevron are categorised into two business divisions, namely, Upstream and Downstream. The upstream business segment comprise s of sale of crude oil and natural gas produced by the company itself, in addition to the sale of natural gas produced by other companies. On the other hand, the downstream segment comprises of activities related to the processing and marketing of various forms of petroleum products. The United States of America is the principal country of operation of Chevron Corporation. Hence, in its annual reports, the company presents its geographic breakdown of performance in terms of two categories, i.e., the United States, Chevron’s domicile nation while other countries where the company operates reported as ‘International’ (outside the United States). The following table represents the breakdown of sales, assets and income of Chevron Corporation for the year 2011, in terms of the above discussed segments: Year 2011 Sales Assets Earnings Upstream United States 27,738 37,108 6,512 International 55,098 98,540 18,274 Downstream United States 91,078 22,182 1,506 International 123,221 20,517 2,085 All others United States 1,598 8,824 - International 46 17,661 - Total United States 120,414 68,114 8018 International 178,365 136,718 20,359 (All values in millions of US dollars) (Chevron Corporation, 2011) In this context, it is should be noted that excluding the United States,

Ethical Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Ethical Decision Making Essay Abstract Ethics is the branch of philosophy that examines questions of morality, or right and wrong. In this paper we will discuss the philosophical approaches used in ethical decision making. The two approaches that will be elaborated on are the utilitarian approach and the universal approach. Several questions will be addressed, (1) what is the utilitarian and universal approach? (2) How do we use them in the ethical decision making process and (3) examples of how it relate in the field of Criminal Justice? When conflict arises it’s not always possible to decide who is right or wrong; however our moral responsibility is to resolve problems to the best of our ability. The utilitarian and universal theories are two of several philosophical approaches or methods that can be implemented when making these types of decisions (Zalta Geoff, 2008). The Utilitarian Approach: Utilitarianism is one of the most powerful and persuasive approaches to normative ethics in the history of philosophy. The utilitarian approach to ethical decision making focuses on taking the action that will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. It also focuses on the consequences of the course of action and policy, as well as the affects it has on the well-being of the people directly or indirectly impacted by that action or policy. This approach is used to promote the welfare of everybody by maximizing benefits and minimizing harm (Zalta Geoff, 2008). For instance, when faced with a situation your first thought or question is what should you do? Once you assess the situation then you would apply which ethical decision is the best action to take. If you implement the utilitarian approach you did so with the intent of producing the greatest balance over harm. Utilitarianism offers a relatively straightforward method for deciding the morally right course of action for any particular situation we may find ourselves in. In the criminal justice field this approach can be widely used. To discover what we ought to do in any situation, we first identify the various courses of action that we could perform. Second, we determine all of the foreseeable benefits and harms that would result from each course of action for everyone affected by the action. And third, we choose the course of action that provides the greatest benefits after the costs have been taken into account (Velasquez, Claire, Shanks, S.J). The Universal Approach: The universal approach to ethical decision making is similar to the Golden Rule. The golden rule is best interpreted as â€Å"Treat others as you want to be treated†. Universalism argues that knowledge can and should be applied to everyone in every similar situation (Williams Arrigo, 2008). This approach can be taken in two steps. First, determine whether or not a particular action should be applied to all people under all circumstances. Second, decide if you would be willing to have that same rule to you. This approach claims that ethical principles hold for all and not for some, it is for everybody without exception (Williams Arrigo, 2008). In other words if you act a certain way towards another and are not willing to be treated in that same regard than you are in violation of the universal rule. To apply the universal approach correctly we need to take into consideration the effects our decision making have on other people’s lives. We also have to be able to imagine ourselves in the other person’s shoes on the receiving end of the action. Imagine you are a police officer in pursuit of what seems to be a drunk driver, while in pursuit the drunk driver hits a pregnant woman crossing the street. What do you do, do you stop for her and leave a drunk driver on the road, or do you call the accident in and continue to pursue the drunk driver to keep him from potentially killing himself and others. The utilitarian approach would more likely call for back up and continue after the drunk driver, but if we use this same example and compare it to the universal approach, the question then becomes what would you want done to you. Both philosophical approaches are infused with flaws, the use of â€Å"utilitarian† thinking is not always clear of what form of action should be taken or if the action you took will have a favorable outcome for the majority. It is difficult to judge what decision will supply the best way to respond to a situation. The universal approach unlike the utilitarian bases its decisions on the facts that the action taken is best for everyone regardless of the situation or the difference in people. My choice between the two is somewhat tossed, because my belief is that you should do unto other as you would want done to you, but at the same time my desire to ensure the greatest number of success is important to me as well. Within the Judicial system decisions are made with or without the input of others; however it is our moral obligation to ensure that we make the best ethical decisions that we can, because every decision somehow directly or indirectly affects someone else. References Velasquez, M., Claire, A., Shanks, M. M., S.J. (n.d.). Markula Center for Applied Ethics. Retrieved from Santa Clara University: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/thinking.html Williams, C. R., Arrigo, B. A. (2008). Is Morality Relative? The variability of Norms and Values. In C. R. Williams, B. A. Arrigo, Ethics, Crime and Criminal Justice (p. 77). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Zalta, E. N., Geoff, S.-M. (2008). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosphy : http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/metaethics/

American Independence Essay -- essays research papers

The British colonies of north America declared their independence primarily for political reasons to what extent do you agree with this statement? The original 13 colonies of the United States of America were in desperation of independence and the advantages of leading a long, successful, happy life. In colonial times words like ?tyranny,? ?enslavement,? ?entrapment? and ?slavery? were part of the cultural norm. These words were common place and often used to describe the British control over the colonies. Thomas Jefferson, the writer or the Declaration of Independence, stated 27 gripes which were a direct result of years of frustration, abuse, and neglect from Britain. The Declaration of Independence was an inevitable rebellion which stated their independence and was the beginning of the new era which would now be called, The United States of America. The foundation of representative government is the power of the people to make laws for the good of all people. King George interfered with that process by rejecting legislation proposed by the colonies, dissolving colonial ...

Nutrition leads to Academic Success and better life

All of us have an amazing gift, have you ever considered how incredible the human body is? Just look at what the brain is capable of doing and how it deals with our daily classroom requirements. Our brain needs several very important ingredients to make it more efficient with our academic success. Shockingly, fats are critical, our brains need good fats. We also need proteins, carbohydrates and water. These ingredients are really necessary for us to process information effectively. We will now look at the way our brains work. Within your brain, a biochemical process of learning is occurring, that parallels the classroom experience. Making connections, finding meaning, and solving problems are learning tasks that require lightning-fast electrical impulses between areas of the brain It's 5:30pm. You just arrived for your class after a long day at work. You have prepared yourself for this learning experience of visual input, hands-on activities, reading and experimentation – to absorb as much as possible (Norman). You look around your class room, do you see bright eyes and positive, expectant expressions, or do you see squirming, sleeping, or distracted fellow students. Do you notice if your peers are stressed, depressed and anxious? According to experts, the internal environment of the brain is an integral part of learning, just as important as the classroom environment. You may find in some cases students are not able to learn due to poor nutrition or inadequate hydration (Norman). A balance diet is critical to health, and physicians are concerned about today’s increased marketing of junk food and fast food. A trend that so alarming that some have termed it the next â€Å"tobacco† (Jenkins). Within your brain, a biochemical process of learning is occurring, that parallels the classroom experience. Making connections, finding meaning, and solving problems are learning tasks that require lightning-fast electrical impulses between areas of the brain. Formation of memory requires physical growth and reshaping of networks of brain cells. So that wonderful experience – when the lights go on and you say, â€Å"I get it! † – is a neurochemical process as well as an academic one. By nourishing the brain with healthy food and water, you will optimize the internal environment, enabling you to truly engage in the classroom environment and achieve your potential by knowing what your brain needs (Norman). The nutrients that help our brains work well are found in high concentration in the Mediterranean diet (Jenkins). Place your two fists together, with your inner wrists touching. Your brain is about this size and shape. Most of us have seen the rubbery pink models which aren’t a good representation; the brain is amazingly soft, composed primarily of fat and water. It is grayish and pudding-like – composed of 100 billion brain cells – called neurons that drive our thinking, learning, feeling and states of being. Neurons need good fats, protein, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients – vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, and water. These nutrients are necessary to power the learning functions of neurons. It’s amazing how our neurons connect (Norman). Just imagine your neurons are shaped like an outstretched hand, with fingers spread. Dendrites (fingers) receive information from other neurons, which is then sent through the axon (arm) to another neuron. The connection between two cells is called a synapse, where the dendrite of one cell nearly touches the body or axon of another cell. Neurons can connect multiple times with the same cell; grow extensions to connect with distant cells, and connect with many different cells at once by growing more dendrites. The brain is dynamic, responsive, and efficient: new connections will be made to record and integrate new information learned. Old, unused connections will be pruned away. This process of building and pruning is not confined to the time of the classroom experience, but continually evolves with all learning that occurs in your life, integrating what is learned within and outside the classroom, integrating life's experiences into the knowledge base and personality we have. The raw material for building and pruning of these connections comes from the food we eat. The big question is what should we feed our brains and body (Norman)? In past years fat was considered an unhealthy part of your diet, now we know that good fats are essential. Our solid matter of the brain is 60% fat, being that our brain consists largely of fatty membranes. Most brain fats are polyunsaturated, meaning their structure contains few or no double bonds which makes the molecules flexible. These fats help maintain flexible, dynamic membranes that are able to transmit and receive information, and maintain other cell functions such as energy production and stores water. Cholesterol is a saturated fat that is often linked Adkisson 4 ith heart disease, but the right cholesterol is an important part of a healthy brain. Sufficient quantities of cholesterol are manufactured in the body without dietary sources. Fat provides energy for the brain as well as a transformation using B-vitamins and other trace nutrients within the neuron to produce pure ATP. The best fats to consume are omega-3 oils from fish, nuts, seeds and dark leafy greens. The next ingredient provides the building blocks of our entire body (Norman). Protein provides amino acids that are used to form our neurotransmitters (NT) and support structures in neurons. Tryptophan from turkey and milk is used to produce serotonin, an NT creating feelings of well-being. Tyrosine, an amino acid found in almonds, an avocado, bananas and meat, is used to make dopamine, associated with enthusiasm (Norman). Our bodies produce about half of the twenty amino acids it needs the other ten are obtained from the foods we eat (Jenkins). Amino acids are also reassembled into powerful antioxidants that are used to protect DNA and other cell components from damage. Proteins also form receptors; structures embedded in membranes that aid in cell communication. All of us need energy and the best was to get it is through the following (Norman). Carbohydrates are the number one energy source for our brain. Sugar is the main fuel for the brain. Most of us have noticed a boost of energy when we eat something that provides sugar. Keep in mind that consuming excessive sugar for breakfast, causing bursts of energy followed by headaches, trouble concentrating, or drowsiness. When our sugar levels rise in our bloodstream, the pancreas releases insulin, which directs sugar into cells, to keep our blood sugar at a stable level. The more sugar we eat causes more insulin to be released, which leads to drowsiness. Many persons instinctively reach for more sugar to boost their energy, thus initiating this cycle again. People, who begin their day with a large donut and sugary juice drink, have a candy bar for a snack, followed by a soda afterwards. This becomes an addiction that’s very difficult to overcome the awful rollercoaster effect of the sugar-insulin response. The best way to overcome it is to make sure your meals contain complex carbohydrates – i. e. whole grains or products made with whole grain flour, rather than refined sugars. Nonetheless, the absorption rate of refined sugar is generally higher, causing a greater release of insulin. One must not forget the next very important ingredient that 60% of our bodies are made up of (Norman). I’m so amazed with the way our neurons store water in tiny balloon-like structures called vacuoles. Water is necessary for optimal brain health and function. Water maintains the tone of our membranes for normal neurotransmission. It improves our circulation and helps in removing wastes. It also keeps our brain from overheating; lack of water could cause serious damage. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, dizziness, poor concentration and reduced cognitive abilities. Even mild levels of dehydration can impact learning performance. It is interesting to note that hydration has been found to affect exercise tolerance. People who are dehydrated tend to feel tired during exercise and avoid activity, a risk factor for obesity. When you are hydrated well before exercise and drink water while exercising leads to an enjoyable experience with less fatigue. It’s encouragement to keep a water bottle at you desk to sip throughout your classes to achieve the recommended intake of water throughout the day. Nutrition and hydration make a difference that helps the foundation for healthy learning. Making healthier choices is an essential part of your education and well-being. Keep water bottle at your desk throughout your class periods. Eat healthy treats such as whole fruit, whole grain crackers, and veggies. Learn how to choose the healthiest foods from the menus at the mall or carry a lunch. Incorporate healthy nutrition at work and home. By making these small changes you’ll be more attentive, and able to enjoy learning and improve you and your families’ lives (Norman). We all have a gift from God, our bodies are temples. We need to take care of it by feeding it properly, exercising and keeping it healthy. Some of us do not do that, unfortunately. We live in an unhealthy nation. There are steps we can take to make changes that can improve our academic success and lives. Sixty percent of our brain is made up of good fats that we should ensure we get. Proteins support structures in neurons. Carbohydrates are the number one energy source for our brain and water is necessary for optimal brain health and function. A person should have enough respect for their bodies to feed it and make it healthy.

Fast Food Essay

Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term â€Å"fast food† was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations. Defination of Fast Food ?Food that can be prepared and served very quickly ?Any meal with low preparation time can be considered ?Food sold with preheated or precooked ingredients. The first fast food restaurants originated in the United States with A&W in 1916 and White Castle, founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, is generally credited with opening the second fast food outlet and first hamburger chain, selling hamburgers McDonald’s and KFC are multinational corporations with outlets across the globe. The United States has the largest fast food industry in the world, and American fast food restaurants are located in over 100 countries. Approximately 2 million U. S. workers are employed in the areas of food preparation and food servicing including fast food in the USA. Famous Fast Food Brands From America (TOP 10) LINK: http://cuclife. com/famous-brand/Fast-food/list_711_1. html (Photo Use) 1. Burger King 2. Burger King 3. Taco Bell 4. Arby’s 5. Wendy’s 6. White Castle 7. Kentucky Fried Chicken 8. Pizza Hut 9. Chick-fil-A 10. Subway History of Fast Food Culture Significant Events in the US Fast Food Industry 1916: The first low-cost limited menu high-speed hamburger restaurant called White Castle opens in Wichita KS. 1921: White Castle opens its first restaurant selling hamburgers for 50 cents. 1940: The first McDonald’s store Established. 1951: The term fast food is recognized in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 1967: McDonald’s opens its first restaurant outside the United States 1971: The first Starbucks store opens in Seattle 2002: McDonald’s cuts back on trans fat on its French fries by 48%. 2005: McDonald’s mascot Ronald ranks 2nd in the top-10 advertising icons of the 20th century. 2006: According to an estimate, Americans spend nearly $142 billion on fast food. Development of Fast Food Industry Restaurants have been around in some form for most of human civilization. But they usually catered to travelers. As far back as ancient Greece and Rome, inns and taverns generally served food to people who had a reason to be away from home. This trend continued until relatively recently. Although taverns and coffee houses were popular places to gather and share beverages in the 17th century, the idea of eating out for fun didn’t take off in Western society until the late 18th century. Although McDonald’s was the first restaurant to use the assembly-line system, some people think of White Castle as the first fast-food chain. White Castle was founded in 1921 in Wichita, Kansas. At the time, most people considered the burgers sold at fairs, circuses, lunch counters and carts to be low-quality. Many people thought hamburger came from slaughterhouse scraps and spoiled meat. White Castle’s founders decided to change the public’s perception of hamburgers. They built their restaurants so that customers could see the food being prepared. They painted the buildings white and even chose a name that suggested cleanliness. White Castle was most popular in the American East and Midwest, but its success helped give hamburger meat a better reputation nationwide. So, like cars, White Castle played an important part in the development of fast food. The McDonald brothers opened their redesigned restaurant in 1948, and several fast-food chains that exist today opened soon after. Burger King and Taco Bell got their start in the 1950s, and Wendy’s opened in 1969. Some chains, like Carl’s Jr. , KFC and Jack in the Box, existed before the Speedee Service System, but modified their cooking techniques after its debut. McDonald’s, which started it all, is now the world’s largest fast-food chain. According to the National Restaurant Association, American sales of fast food totaled $163. 5 billion in 2005. The industry is growing globally as well. Total sales for McDonald’s grew 5. 6 percent in 2005, and the company now has 30,000 franchised stores in more than 120 countries. However, McDonald’s – and fast food in general – does not always get a welcoming reception around the world. McDonald’s restaurants have been attacked in several countries, including the United States, China, Belgium, Holland, India, Russia, Sweden and the U. K. Protestors have accused McDonald’s and other chains of selling unhealthy food, marketing aggressively to children and undermining local values and culture. Reason why the Fast Food Industry can be so Successful ?Cheap ?Fast (Convenience) ?Tasty ?Change in lifestyle (Working Long Hours, Busy Life, Rapid Paces) ? Child-Friendly Atmosphere (E. g. Toys) ?Franchising Scheme (E. g. McDonald’s) Variants: How the fast food culture in America influence the whole world.

The Future of Democracy in Canada essays

The Future of Democracy in Canada essays Consider the following claim: "Canada will become a more democratic country in the next 25 years". One might take exception to this claim, countering that Canada is not only a democratic country in 2004, but is a country whose democratic character is envied in most parts of the world. Conversely, within Canada, one does not need to dig too deeply in society to find people who are dissatisfied with the state of Canadian democracy. This dissatisfaction is not limited to embittered followers of the far right political parties who almost continually are unable to persuade a majority of Canadians to support their policies. Nor is this dissatisfaction limited to Quebec and French speaking communities in other provinces who their culture and values to be under threat from the onslaught of Anglo Canadian culture. In fact, pockets of serious political dissatisfaction exist across the country. Unfortunately (in the context of being able to pursue their objectives effectively, the only issues on which consensus typically develops among these pockets of dissatisfaction is on (a) opposition to a Conservative national government and (b) opposition to The fact that political dissatisfaction in Canada tends to be balkanized, however, does not imply that the situation is either unimportant or that political reform should not be implemented to redress the problem. Neither does the balkanized political dissatisfaction in the country indicate that such reform of the country's political is either In fact, the thesis of this essay is embodied in the claim stated at the beginning of this discussion, with which there is full agreement. "Canada will become a more democratic country in the next 25 years". If Canada is going to become a more democratic country over the coming 25 years, the people of Canada must be motivated to seek such change. Additionally, there must be some...

Lloyd Augustus Hall - Chemist and Inventor

Lloyd Augustus Hall - Chemist and Inventor An industrial food chemist, Lloyd Augustus Hall revolutionized the meatpacking industry with his development of curing salts for the processing and reserving of meats. He developed a technique of flash-driving (evaporating) and a technique of sterilization with ethylene oxide which is still used by medical professionals today. Earlier Years Lloyd Augustus Hall was born in Elgin, Illinois, on June 20, 1894.  Halls grandmother came to Illinois via the Underground Railroad  when she was 16. Halls grandfather came to Chicago in 1837 and was one of the founders of the Quinn Chapel  A.M.E. Church. In 1841, he was the churchs first pastor. Hall’s parents, Augustus and Isabel, both graduated high school. Lloyd was born in Elgin but his family moved to  Aurora, Illinois​, which is where he was raised. He graduated in 1912 from East Side High School in Aurora. After graduation, he studied   pharmaceutical chemistry  at  Northwestern University,  earning a bachelor of science degree, followed by a  masters  degree from the  University of Chicago. At Northwestern, Hall met Carroll L. Griffith, who with his father, Enoch L. Griffith, founded  Griffith Laboratories​. The Griffiths later hired Hall as their chief chemist. After finishing college, Hall was hired by the  Western Electric Company  after a phone interview. But the company refused to hire Hall when they learned he was black. Hall then began working as a chemist for the Department of Health in  Chicago  followed by a job as chief chemist with the John Morrell Company. During  World War I, Hall served with the  United States Ordnance Department  where he was promoted to Chief Inspector of Powder and Explosives. Following the war, Hall married Myrrhene Newsome and they moved to Chicago where he worked for the Boyer Chemical Laboratory, again as a chief chemist. Hall then became president and chemical director for Chemical Products Corporations consulting laboratory. In 1925, Hall took a position with Griffith Laboratories where he remained for 34 years. Inventions Hall invented new ways to preserve food. In 1925, at Griffith Laboratories, Hall invented his processes for preserving meat using sodium chloride and nitrate and nitrite crystals.   This process was known as flash-drying. Hall also pioneered the use of antioxidants. Fats and oils spoil when exposed to oxygen in the air. Hall used lecithin, propyl gallate, and ascorbyl ​palmite as antioxidants, and invented a process to prepare the antioxidants for food preservation. He invented a process to sterilized spices using ​ethylenoxide gas, an insecticide. Today, the use of preservatives has been reexamined. Preservatives have been linked to many health issues. Retirement After retiring from Griffith Laboratories in 1959, Hall consulted for the  Food and Agriculture Organization  of the  United Nations. From 1962 to 1964, he was on the American  Food for Peace  Council. He died in 1971 in  Pasadena,  California. He was awarded several honors during his lifetime, including  honorary degrees  from  Virginia State University,  Howard University​  and the  Tuskegee Institute,  and in 2004 he was inducted into the  National Inventors Hall of Fame​.

Artificial Intelligence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Artificial Intelligence - Research Paper Example This study seeks to understand the behaviour in humans and animals, and the hope to reproduce it after extensive analysis. As such, AI has become a significant subject in computer science owing to numerous studies on intelligent behaviour through computer simulation. The simulations are geared towards influencing similar intelligent traits on to agents that perceive their environment and takes appropriate action to ensure success. The discipline is subdivided into various fields depending on their area of study and application of their product. These fields include statistical analysis, psychology, cognition, biology among others. However, the different fields often fail to communicate with each other owing to social, cultural and ethical factors, which limit the success of artificial intelligence. Although AI research does not aim at wholly imitating human intelligence, evidence exists that suggests human intelligence is a key tacit heuristic to AI researchers and strongly affects A I studies (Prudkov, 2010). In this regard, intelligence is described as a set of properties of mind, which include the ability to plan, solve problems and reason out depending on the presented stimuli. The replication of intelligence based on human and animal behaviour produces intelligent agents, which have the capacity to respond to the environment in natural way. For instance, artificial intelligence in machines coupled with algorithms, enables them to solve complex problems in humanistic fashion. In essence, AI seeks to produce useful machines that are guided by human-like intelligence and behavioural traits. The history of artificial intelligence dates back to mid-1950s where researchers wrote programs that allowed computers to solve algebraic expressions, confirming logical theorems as well as speak English. This application AI holds similar characteristics with the methods used to study cognition in experimental psychology. These methods include the measurement of IQ levels, which requires that the thinking, reasoning and learning skills be gauged to establish the level of perceptual skills.AI and psychology disciplines have naturally interacted with each other to borrow concepts while criticising the weaknesses of the other. However, it is important that psychologist and AI researchers work together as cognitive scientists in order to understand the human cognition and its incorporation into intelligent agents. The success of such research has seen the development of advanced and highly effective technological systems with industrial and social application. These technologies have illustrated the potential within AI research by developing sophisticated methods of solving problems through robust diagnostic and planning systems. Artificial intelligence is housed in sophisticated hardware systems that have evolved over time based on technological advances. Historically, the hardware system was based on vacuum tubes as established with the production of th e first generation computers. Over the years, technological advance have seen the vacuum tubes replaced by microchips to build smaller and faster hardware components for artificial intelligence. The hardware is controlled be a set of instruction in the form of software and applications, which perform designated tasks and yield results. The interaction between the hardware and software

Parenting And Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parenting And Education - Essay Example My Mother’s frequent visits affirmed her love for us and encouraged us to excel at academics. During the vacations, my aunts sometimes contributed to our care during my Mother’s regular business trips, but I am aware that it was my Mother who raised us single-handedly, and with several sacrifices on her part. My Mother was not as fortunate as we have been. Her separation from her parents at a very young age, due to compelling economic factors, persisted throughout her life. My maternal grandparents were poor traders in Ghana, who did not have the means to support their children. As their poor livelihood did not permit them to educate my Mother, she was sent to live in her uncle’s home. This uncle saw her through school, and then my Mother secured a scholarship which enabled her to pay her way through college and secure her Bachelor’s degree in Art. My Mother met and married my father in her late thirties, while on a short visit to the United States, and he r parents passed away before the birth of my eldest brother. As such, my Mother is very much a self-educated and self-made woman. When I consider the differences in the manner in which my Mother secured her education and the way in which she supported us through our academic careers, I never cease to marvel at her strength of purpose and her clear perspective on what she wanted for us. My Mother was determined not to let economic factors or the nature of her occupation compel her to send us away to grow up in the homes of relatives.

To what extent should TV news coverage be driven by the quality of Essay

To what extent should TV news coverage be driven by the quality of footage available, prioritised over the quality of a story - Essay Example The major consideration in the selection of news is the quality of presented content. This seeks to offer the viewers the best coverage within a certain area. In news coverage, certain pieces of news are considered paramount and more important than others depending on the section under which the news falls. Immediacy and importance of certain subject to the populace are the two criteria utilized in the determination of content that ought to be presented in news coverage (Gripsrud 1999, 56). In accordance with this, coverage of the world news, the relative significance of certain occurrences that ought to be covered on the news, are measured against other criteria such as power and distance. This implies that occurrences that have greater influence on the structures of power and prominence within a given society are greatly considered compared to other events that have little influence on this area (Gripsrud 1999, 56). Events that are appreciably associated or connected to the society attain greater coverage than other events, which have no connection or association to the society. Certainly, magnificent disasters that emanate from remote regions coupled with available footage have a propensity of getting into television news (Gripsrud 1999, 56). These events meet the criteria for television news on the grounds of immediacy. The makes the presence of footage for certain events direct to prioritization over the quality of the offered stories. Quality of footage has been improved to a greater extent through novel news technologies that have been directed by the demand. These technologies offer newsrooms with instantaneous content that increase the work for news creation staff, since it offers diversity and difficulty in choosing the most imperative and striking news footage or stories. These technologies allow the populace to experience news live as the events transpire in the real world. Numerous considerations are made concerning news coverage with other criteri a being secondary to the earlier mentioned criteria of immediacy and imperativeness (Gripsrud 1999, 56). Therefore, the quality of footage being offered is almost not considered in the presentation of news on television. This implies that the quality of footage is irrelevant within the news coverage context. For that reason, news has the capacity to acknowledge poor-quality news content and even poor quality speakers considering the subject of immediacy and significance of the presented events. These two factors are the principal considerations in the provision of footage that can either be quality or not. Therefore, these factors are considered as the determinants for the content that ought to be covered in television news. The populace is acquainted with the unaesthetic framing, presence of content that is captured through sudden pan shot, the dubious quality of the sound of the presented content, blurred images and other images presented under dazzling light (Gripsrud 1999, 56). This is considered wild footage that emanates from untamed world. Such content is considered imperative, despite the quality of content provided. The footage that has been presented is regarded a priority with regard to the quality of the story being presented. Bulletins for the news are developed, or created, by stitching these rushed, unreliable and poor quality contents from different sources (Gripsrud 1999,

Cultural Differences in Shakespeares Work

Cultural Differences in Shakespeares Work Shakespeare in Performance This essay will explore the cultural difference of two Shakespeare, Othello performances. The two performances used are Stuart Burges 1965 adaptation and Oliver Parkers 1995 version. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 the son of John Shakespeare a glove maker, and Mary Arden the daughter of a farmer. Within the Elizabethan class system Shakespeare wouldnt have be destined for great things as he wasnt born into a significantly wealthy family. It is possible that Shakespeare was brought up as Catholic; Romeo and Juliet is a Catholic play. Shakespeare attended grammar school In Stratford his education would have been very intense in language, Latin, Greek and possibly modern language like French, his schooling would have also been heavily religious. Shakespeare would have been expected to leave school and go into law grammar schools trained for professionals. Shakespeare didnt continue his education at university and age 18 married Anne Hathaway and lived a quiet life having his first child, Susanna in 1583 then twins Judith and Hamnet in 1585. Historical accounts of Shakespeare in the first seven years of his childrens lives are classed as lost years, due to ther e being no reliable accounts in this period. It wasnt until the late 1590s that Shakespeare was writing plays although in them times writers would write under a false name so critics couldnt dismiss their work. By around 1591, 1592 Shakespeare had written 57 plays in the space 20 years this is a colossal amount especially as a play writer in the Elizabethan period. Shakespeare died on the 23rd April 1616 the same day as his birthday. The importance of Setting The plot Othello is taken from an Italian story Un Captitano Moro some critics believe, written in 1565 by Giovanni Battista Giraldi Cinzio, the story about a Moorish general deceived into believing his wife is being unfaithful. Shakespeare added important characters to the story Iago, Roderigo, Desdemonas father and Brabantio, Shakespeare implies the action of the play runs over some course of time although it could be perceived as being set over a period of a few days. Shakespeare also developed the complex villain Iago compared to the minor one in the original. Shakespeares audience would have believed in The Great Chain of Being, that determined the natural order of events. God being the top of the hierarchical chain, Shakespeare used the Great Chain of Being as a concept to emphasise the tragedy in Othello and struggle with love and Desdemona and Iagos jealous passion. Othello, the Moor of Venice scholars believe was written in the period of 1601-1604, Queen Elizabeth had died in 1603, people worried what would become of governess since Elizabeths death a lot of the fear is portrayed through Shakespeares plays of successful succession and governance. The Protestant Church of England was created by Henry, Elizabeths father there was concerns that the religion might fail after Elizabeths death in a Catholic came to power, and a foreigner to rule. Although the title implies Othello occurred in Venice it took place in Cyprus, having said that Shakespeares stage directions are very basic and minimal so directors that remake Shakespeares pieces can decide where the plot is set. In the period when Shakespeare wrote Othello Venice was a Republic that thrived on multiculturalism, it was major for international trade, Venice had colonial power also respectful of different cultures and religions. Venice was a charming, safe, peaceful location. Cyprus when Shakespeare was in school was under power by the Ottoman Turks, Cyprus was the home of wine and prostitutes full of deception and death. Geographically located between the Middle East, Europe, Mediterranean and Northern Africa the religion is Christian and Muslim, a prime place for religious and racial violence. Although critics believe Othello was adapted by Hecatommithi, the time period that Shakespeare wrote Othello Venice would have been a highly important trading link between the East and Europe. Venice would have been sending ambassadors from Venice and the East to Elizabethan England Shakespeare may have studied theses exotic strangers. Venice and Turkey during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries would have been at wars thus Othello being the general of the Venetian war. Shakespeare cleverly adapted a plot surrounding the issues of the day and explored a twist on race, jealousy and deceit. During the Elizabethan period, black people were not regarded as slaves, in 1601 Queen Elizabeth granted the diplomatic rights which allowed deportation, due to fears of overpopulation. Although the salve trade was not established during this time, the black race was considered inferior. Othello is a revolutionary cultural work, as the Moor Othello is portrayed as a civilized noble Christian who was wrongly deceived forced audiences to rethink the racial status during the early 16th century. Moor was a term used by the Elizabethans referring to Muslim Arabs or North Africa who had conquered Spain in the eighth century. Moors were Elizabethans believed, sinful, animalistic and murderous. It is interesting that Shakespeare represents Othello as the wrongly deceived victim, and Iago the Caucasian the typical More stereotype. Othello The tragedy of Othello, the Moor Whom Is general of Venice, promotes his lieutenant Cassio, leaving Iago enraged with jealousy. Othello fell in love and married Desdemona daughter of Brabantio, the Venetian senator. Iago uses Desdemona and Othellos love as a tactic in his revenge. Iago manipulates Othello into thinking his wife is having an affair with Cassio, Othello outraged kills Desdemona before killing himself the story concludes with Iagos unmasking and execution. Stuart Burges 1965 Othello Laurence Olivier The first English language film of the play Othello was released in December 1965 by director Burge, Burge was born in Brentwood Essex in January 1918 and died in 2002. Burge was the director of the Nottingham Playhouse between 1968-74 then went onto be artistic director at the Royal Court Theatre in over the period of 1977-80. This is the only Shakespeare adaptation that all leading actors were nominated for Oscars. The film was nearly exactly the same as stage production the release did not make use of music of exit music. Burges version of was the first English Othello shot in colour it had previously been done in Russian. This was the first of Shakespeares original text created into a full length British feature. Lawrence Olivier played Othello and acted in blackface, critics over the years have argued the origins of Othello being black or Arab. Othello has been played by white and more recently black actors, Laurence Oliviers version was performed in blackface. Olivier went into detail of his black face performance in his autobiography; Black all over my body, Max Factor 2880, then a lighter brown, then Negro number 2, a stronger brown. Brown on black to give a rich mahogany. Then the great trick: that glorious half yard of chiffon with which I polished myself all over until I shone the lips blueberry, the tight curled wig, the white of the eyes, whiter than ever, and the black, black sheen that covered my flesh and bones, glistening in the dressing room lights. (L. Olivier 1965) In Oliviers autobiography; Olivier, Laurence. Confessions of an Actor, Olivier proclaims in his and the directors minds the blackface wasnt done in a minstrelsy way it was done as costume to make him up as African with innocent intentions of playing Othello. The text Othello is not completely clear on Othellos race, subsequently because Shakespeare would not have been completed educated about the people that lived in North Africa. In 1966 the civil rights movement was at its highest in America racist discrimination and stereotypes were challenged the aesthetic of the Oliviers blackface was out of date and political incorrect.   Although in Europe, the civil rights movement wasnt as big as America with the last white actor blackface Othello taking place in 1990 by Michael Gambon. The New York Times published an article about Oliviers performance that stated; Outrageous impression of a theatrical Negro stereotype, Olivier an end man in an American minstrel show. (the New York times, Bosley Crowther) Burges adaptation of Othello definitely brings the issue of race to the forefront, most of the racial language is present as in the 1604 original text; thicklips, being the first derogatory offensive language aimed at Othello Act one, Scene one. Venice. A street. Roderigo: What a full fortune does the thicklips owe if he can carryt thus! References made by Othello regarding his race are interpreted as intended by Shakespeare, delivered with doubt; Act three, Scene three. The garden of the castle Othello: Haply, for I am black. Intending that because he is black, he is not as sophisticated as other people. Burge directed Olivier as a stereotypical African, exaggerated gesture and accent with his costumes ethnic and predominantly barefoot, with a rosary necklace. Burges performance has been regarded by critics as the greatest performance of the 20th century. (Peter Rainer) and was nominated for four Oscars, winning one. Olivier is the first of the great twentieth-century British actors who has created a brilliantly original interpretation of Othelloà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Oliviers) Othello is a man of gigantic stature but he is not a man of titanic thought; and by no means is he umo univerale, a man of many sided character, typical of the Renaissance. This Othello came into the world from a less civilised society. He Is very close to nature, to the earth. He has had no time to absorb the culture of the new world surrounding him. With all its glitter, this world is in fact trivial and meanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Othellos simple soul makes him vulnerable to the pretty contrivances of the environment. A civilization that is false and untrue kills the simple-minded manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this is what Olivier; the actor shows us. (in Tynan, Othello. National Theatre Production, 108). Every modern, white actor, takin on Othello, feels obliged to explain why hes not playing him black, which was surely Shakespeares intention, when the unspoken reason is that to black up is as disgusting these days as a nigger minstrel show. (Laurence Olivier, 1986) Each generation can use pieces of Shakespeares texts his writings are timeless, an Author who makes plays relatable to different generations thus why Othello has been adapted countless times since 1601, in some adaptations of Othello the play is portrayed mostly on the jealous and devious theme. Burges approach to play directions however have been deemed as a play about race. A film version of the 1965 production released on DVD by Warner Home Video in 2007. Oliviers blackface performance makes this film adaptation a difficult object of study, but since it makes Othello a play about race in a way so disturbing for postmodern sensibilities, it is a valuable tool for exploring racial difference as a theme. And especially for considering the plays particular resonance with contemporary racial politics. (R, C. Evans In an article by the New York Times published February, 1966 reporter Bosley Crowther describes how America portrayed Oliviers performance; Seeing as how the drama critics in England were unstinting in their praise of the lush stage production of Othello in which Sir Laurence Olivier played with the National Theatre of Great Britain a couple of years ago, it may seem rude of an American film critic to voice some startled expectations to the motion picture made of the play by a British company. One bold and singular aspect of this production immediately impels the sensitive American viewer into a baffled and discomfited attitude. This is the radical make up Sir Laurence has chosen to use in his powerful and passionate characterization of the jealous Moor. He plays Othello in blackface! Thats right, blackface not the dark-brown stain that even the most daring white actors do not nowadays wish to go beyond.   Whats more, he caps his shiny blackface with a wig of kinky black hair and he has the insides of his lips smeared and thickened with a startling raspberry red. Several times, in his rages or reflections, he roll s his eyes up into his head so that the whites gleam like small mil agates out of the inky face. (B. Crowther 1966) Burges adaptation of Othello is clearly one that caused a stir, with the controversial blackface. The period in which Burge adapted the version the culture was changing surrounding racism, racist terms and what is politically correct. Professor Tony Howard University of Warwick believes for Olivier race wasnt an issue, race was an interesting factor in the play and he chose to make it paramount. The result of that was that I know some black actors that saw the play and were appalled by his imitation of stereotypical behaviour, and I know other black actors who saw the play and were inspired to become Shakespearian actors because of the sheer admiration for what he did. (T. Howard 2013). Oliver Parkers 1995 Othello, Laurence Fishburne Oliver Parker an English film director born 6th September 1960, directed Othello played by a black actor Laurence Fishburne classed as not an outsider in this version as the actor is of African descent. Having said that the racial tensions and most of the racial language still applies in the film. Fishburne, plays a more confidant, cocky Othello in this version he also wears the same costumes as most of the cast, with earings in his ears he blends in well with the rest of the cast unlike in Oliviers version. The choice of music and camera shots sets the racial tension in a different way than previous adaptations with the use of drums during the consummation of Othello and Desdemona also during the Cyprus   celebration. The film doesnt generally focus on Othellos race but more so on the tragedy of the story and Iagos jealousy. Parkers adaptation is more satisfying as a film rather than Shakespearian text, the original text is very heavily cut with many original rhythms not included. The plot and characters remains the same as the original text and Burges, parker sets the film within the same time period and location as the two explored. Parkers version is however modernised and update some areas of the film, parker has changed the interpretation of Iagos character slightly also cutting much of the original text. Parkers use of Othellos dreams allow the audience access into Othellos agony over his suspected wifes adultery, this opened the door to the audience in a new light, something that the original monologue and Burge was unable to achieve. The issue of Race in Parkers version is watered down and limelights the character of Iago and his evil plan. Iagos direct camera soliloquies, via direct camera shots portrays his devious intentions, Iagos true nature is heightened in Parkers adaptation through this technique compare to Burge and the original text. In Act one, Scene three Iago shouts to Roderigo to put money and love into his purse Iago is trying to deceive Roderigo into giving him money so Iago will make Desdemona fall in love with Roderigo. When Iago leaves this scene, the camera zooms in on Iagos face to music building up that creates tension, Iago then recites this original quote from the text; Act one, scene three Iago: Thus, do I ever make my fool my purse: For I mine own gaind knowledge should profane, If I would time expend with such a snipe. But for my sport and profit. I hate the Moor: And it is thought abroad, that twixt my sheets He has done my office: I know not ift be true; But, I for more suspicious in that kind, Will do as if for surety. He holds me well; The better shall my purpose work on him. Cassios a proper man: let me see now: To get his place and to plume up my will In double knavery-how, how? Lets see: After some time, to abuse Othellos ear That he is too familiar with his wife. He hath a person and a smooth dispose To be suspected, framed to make women false. The moor is of a free and open nature, That thinks men honest that but seem to be so, And will as tenderly be led by the nose As asses are. I havet. it is endgenderd. hell, and night Must brin this monstrous birth to the worlds light. During the speech by Roderigo, Parkers gives the audience a subsequent plot for throughout the play as to why Iago wants to kill Othello. Parker directs Iago to look straight into the camera whilst declaring his hatred for Othello this breaks the forth wall including the audience on the whole experience. Iago speaks in a hushed monotone to music playing in the background thus adding theatrical drama, the camera then pans down to a chessboard. Iago places a white queen, black king and a white knight on the board parker does this to replicate Desdemona, Othello and Cassio. The colour of the chess pieces also play a very clever crucial part in the film highlighting the racial but also the use of a chess board highlights the manipulation and game playing from Iago. Parker directs Fishburne to play overtly sexual compared with the Burge version and original text. Parkers directions continues shows Desdemona and Othello in bed together in a number of scenes to modernize the version to appeal to a different audience. Parker has Othellos dreams filled with adultery presented with Desdemona in bed naked with Cassio, in the Burge version the characters are a lot more innocent. Othellos visual image of Desdemona and Cassio, allows for his fear to come alive with the help of Iagos manipulation Othello remembers what Desdemonas father said to him; Act one, Scene 3 A Council-Chamber. Brabantio: Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see: She has deceived her father, and may thee. This line is continuously played in Othellos head throughout the film, giving Othello confirmation that the affair to real as Desdemona is deceiving him just as she did her father. Once you get to Act three, Scene three, its like being caught up in a huge surf. You are pounded by experiences and overwhelming feelings that oscillate violently. Sometimes within one sentence I go from passion and adoration to the most extreme expressions of loathing and self-hatred Ive ever had to try to get close to. (Laurence Fishburne, 1996) There are a few predominant themes that flow through both versions of Othello and the original text; Love, passion, jealousy, betrayal along with reputation and honour. love being the force that overcome a large obstacle in the marriage of Othello and Desdemona, although Othello loves Desdemona he gives her his heart he doesnt give her his mind and he doesnt trust her, he is deep down insecure.   Their love was tragically lost by the passion of Iago and his jealousy love to Iago is leverage, he declared his love to his friends but does the ultimate betrayal. The love between Cassio and Desdemona that is misinterpreted. Passion comes from Othello and Desdemona two lovers that political looked down on for the marriage but still going ahead with their passion anyway. Jealousy is a trait that is both in Othello and strongly Iago. Multiculturalism, Religious Suspicion and Racism. The Venetian Republic was known as a culturally tolerant society, that welcomes cultural traditions, however Othello and the merchant of Venice being set in Venice, portrays jealousy, race and xenophobia. Shakespeares Othello predates the slave trade and biological classification. Othello being a Moor in Shakespeares time could relate to someone from the Middle East or Spain not necessarily Africa. Reference List Othello. (1965) film. Directed by Stuart Barge. GB: British Home Entertainment. {film} Othello. (1995) Directed by Olive Parker. GB: Warner Home video. {DVD} Colin, Phillip C. and Kuhn, Francis X. (2002) Othello: New Critical Essays Brockport Bookshelf. Book 218. Othello: A Critical Reader Robert. C. Evans Bloomsbury Publishing (2015) (T. Howard 2013) Othello at the National Theatre www.nationaltheatre.org